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[Note: The following is based on a lecture delivered by the author’s father, Rabbi Yaakov Sebrow, shlita, at Chavurat Yisrael.]
A pasuk in Bereishis (2:5) says, “Now any tree of the field was not yet on the earth and any herb of the field had not yet sprouted, for Hashem had not sent rain upon the earth and there was no man to work the soil.” Rashi explains, based on our Gemara in Chullin (60b), that the words “there was no man to work the soil” is an explanation of why Hashem had not sent rain. There was no one in the world yet to pray for rain. When Adam was created and realized that rain was necessary, he immediately prayed for rain. Hashem acceded to his request and the rain fell, causing the vegetation to grow.
Why did Hashem make the rain conditional on Adam’s prayers? The Gemara says, “Hashem desires the prayers of the righteous.” To force Adam to daven, he withheld the rain until he did so. The same explanation is offered in Yevamos (64a) as to why Hashem made our Imahos all barren. Hashem wanted to force our Avos and Imahos to daven for children. They of course would have davened even if they had had children. They would have thanked Hashem every day for the gifts He had granted them. Yet the prayer would not have had the same quality. Hashem desires to hear His righteous children speak to him and make requests.